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Methanation reaction over different carried metal catalysts including Ni, [4] Ru [5] and Rh [6] has been widely investigated for the production of CH 4 from syngas and other power to gas initiatives. [3] Nickel is the most widely used catalyst due to its high selectivity and low cost. [1]
Methanation reactions over different metal catalysts including Ni, [4] Ru [5] and Rh [6] have been widely investigated for the production of CH 4 from syngas and other power to gas initiatives. [3] Nickel is the most widely used catalyst owing to its high selectivity and low cost. [2]
Biological methanation takes place in a separate methanation plant. The gas is completely converted into methane before the infeed into the gas grid. The carbon dioxide, produced in a gas processing system, is converted into methane in a separate methanation plant, by adding hydrogen and can then be fed into the gas grid.
Methanogenesis or biomethanation is the formation of methane coupled to energy conservation by microbes known as methanogens.It is the fourth and final stage of anaerobic digestion.
These reactions occur in the presence of metal catalysts, typically at temperatures of 150–300 °C (302–572 °F) and pressures of one to several tens of atmospheres. The Fischer–Tropsch process is an important reaction in both coal liquefaction and gas to liquids technology for producing liquid hydrocarbons.
The overall reaction is thermally neutral, requiring no addition or removal of heat, making it highly efficient. The development of hydromethanation is an example of process intensification, where several operations are combined into a single step to improve overall efficiency, reduce maintenance and equipment requirements, and lower capital costs.
Steam reforming or steam methane reforming (SMR) is a method for producing syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) by reaction of hydrocarbons with water. Commonly, natural gas is the feedstock. The main purpose of this technology is often hydrogen production , although syngas has multiple other uses such as production of ammonia or methanol .
The water–gas shift reaction (WGSR) describes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen: CO + H 2 O ⇌ CO 2 + H 2. The water gas shift reaction was discovered by Italian physicist Felice Fontana in 1780. It was not until much later that the industrial value of this reaction was realized.