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In social psychology, the health belief model (HBM) is a psychological framework used to explain and predict individuals' potentially detrimental behaviors, attitudes and beliefs on their health.
The negative effects of comorbidity include: chronicity, recovery and relapse rates, and higher suicide risk. [6] Among youth samples, negative effects of anxiety-depression comorbidity include: increased substance abuse, more likely to attempt suicide, receive a diagnosis of conduct disorder, and are less likely to show favorable gains from ...
Zero-risk bias is a tendency to prefer the complete elimination of risk in a sub-part over alternatives with greater overall risk reduction. [1] It often manifests in cases where decision makers address problems concerning health, safety, and the environment. [2] Its effect on decision making has been observed in surveys presenting hypothetical ...
Sodium phosphates are popular in commerce in part because they are inexpensive and because they are nontoxic at normal levels of consumption. [4] However, oral sodium phosphates when taken at high doses for bowel preparation for colonoscopy may in some individuals carry a risk of kidney injury under the form of phosphate nephropathy.
Models that describe health behavior change can be distinguished in terms of the assumption whether they are continuum-based or stage-based. [7] A continuum (mediator) model claims that change is a continuous process that leads from lack of motivation via action readiness either to successful change or final disengagement.
A health risk assessment (HRA) is a health questionnaire, used to provide individuals with an evaluation of their health risks and quality of life. [5] Commonly a HRA incorporates three key elements – an extended questionnaire, a risk calculation or score, and some form of feedback, i.e. face-to-face with a health advisor or an automatic online report.
Frequently used measures of risk and benefit identified by Jerkel, Katz and Elmore, [4] describe measures of risk difference (attributable risk), rate difference (often expressed as the odds ratio or relative risk), population attributable risk (PAR), and the relative risk reduction, which can be recalculated into a measure of absolute benefit ...
Risk reduction may refer to: Health. Absolute risk reduction or relative risk reduction, statistical descriptors of an intervention. Harm reduction, in public health;