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In situ gold-bearing vein (in brown) at the Toi gold mine, Japan. In many gold mines exploited during the gold rushes of the 19th century, vein material alone was typically sought as ore material. [8] In most of today's mines, ore material is primarily composed of the veins and some component of the wall rocks which surrounds the veins. [9]
A stringer lode is one in which the rock is so permeated by small veinlets that rather than mining the veins, the entire mass of ore and the enveined country rock is mined. It is so named because of the irregular branching of the veins into many anastomosis stringers, so that the ore is not separable from the country rock. [5]
An ore shoot is a hypogenic mass that is deposited in veins within a planar channel or lode, found in a shear or fault zone, fissure or lithologic boundary. [1] The ore shoot is the area of concentration which contains a primary ore along the veins present in the rock, and consists of the most valuable part of the deposit.
Mother lode is a principal vein or zone of gold or silver ore. The term is also used colloquially to refer to the real or imaginary origin of something valuable or in great abundance. The term is also used colloquially to refer to the real or imaginary origin of something valuable or in great abundance.
Hydrothermal vein ore deposits consist of discrete veins or groups of closely spaced veins. Veins are believed to be precipitated by hydrothermal solutions travelling along discontinuities in a rockmass. [10] They are commonly epithermal in origin, that is to say they form at relatively high crustal levels and moderate to low temperatures.
Hushing is an ancient and historic mining method using a flood or torrent of water to reveal mineral veins. [1] [2] The method was applied in several ways, both in prospecting for ores, and for their exploitation. Mineral veins are often hidden below soil and sub-soil, which must be stripped away to discover the ore veins.
Iron ore (banded iron formation) Manganese ore – psilomelane (size: 6.7 × 5.8 × 5.1 cm) Lead ore – galena and anglesite (size: 4.8 × 4.0 × 3.0 cm). Ore is natural rock or sediment that contains one or more valuable minerals, typically including metals, concentrated above background levels, and that is economically viable to mine and process.
When the ore forms a blanketlike body along the bedding plane of the rock, it is commonly called a manto ore deposit. Other ore geometries are chimneys and veins. [4] Polymetallic replacements/mantos are often stratiform wall-rock replacement orebodies distal to porphyry copper deposits, [5] or porphyry molybdenum deposits. [6]