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Many modern scholars suggest that the first potter's wheel was first developed by the ancient Sumerians in Mesopotamia. [3] A stone potter's wheel found at the Sumerian city of Ur in modern-day Iraq has been dated to about 3129 BC, [4] but fragments of wheel-thrown pottery of an even earlier date have been recovered in the same area. [4]
Ancient Egyptian pottery includes all objects of fired clay from ancient Egypt. [1] First and foremost, ceramics served as household wares for the storage, preparation, transport, and consumption of food, drink, and raw materials. Such items include beer and wine mugs and water jugs, but also bread moulds, fire pits, lamps, and stands for ...
Evidence indicates that Egyptians made use of potter's wheels in the manufacturing of pottery from as early as the 4th Dynasty (c. 2613 to 2494 BC). [98] Lathes are known from at least 1300 BC, [ 99 ] but Flinders Petrie claimed that they had been used as early as the 4th Dynasty, based on tool marks found on stone bowls from that period. [ 100 ]
The potter's wheel was introduced into ancient Nubia by ancient Egypt. [7] The wheelhead of a potter's wheel, which was made of clay and dated to 1850 BCE, was found at Askut. [7] Since the Meroe period, ox-powered water wheels, specifically saqiya, and shaduf were used in Nubia. [13]
Khnum is commonly depicted seated beside a potter's wheel, with a formed entity standing upon it, symbolizing his act of creation. [2] Khnum is often portrayed alongside the frog-headed fertility goddess Heqet, who can be seen assisting him at the pottery wheel, as seen in the wall relief of the mammisi of Nectanebo II.
Egyptian faience is a sintered-quartz ceramic material from Ancient Egypt. The sintering process "covered [the material] with a true vitreous coating" as the quartz underwent vitrification , creating a bright lustre of various colours "usually in a transparent blue or green isotropic glass".
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Because pottery is so durable, pottery and shards of pottery survive for millennia at archaeological sites, and are typically the most common and important type of artifact to survive. Many prehistoric cultures are named after the pottery that is the easiest way to identify their sites, and archaeologists develop the ability to recognise ...