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  2. Structural isomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_isomer

    A skeletal isomer of a compound is a structural isomer that differs from it in the atoms and bonds that are considered to comprise the "skeleton" of the molecule. For organic compounds, such as alkanes, that usually means the carbon atoms and the bonds between them.

  3. Isomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomer

    Isomers do not necessarily share similar chemical or physical properties. Two main forms of isomerism are structural (or constitutional) isomerism, in which bonds between the atoms differ; and stereoisomerism or (spatial isomerism), in which the bonds are the same but the relative positions of the atoms differ. Isomeric relationships form a ...

  4. Tautomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautomer

    Tautomerization is pervasive in organic chemistry. [ 2 ] [ 7 ] It is typically associated with polar molecules and ions containing functional groups that are at least weakly acidic. Most common tautomers exist in pairs, which means that the hydrogen is located at one of two positions, and even more specifically the most common form involves a ...

  5. List of straight-chain alkanes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_straight-chain_alkanes

    Number of isomers [3] [4] Number of isomers including stereoisomers [3] [5] Molecular Formula Name of straight chain Synonyms 1 1 1 CH 4: methane: methyl hydride; natural gas 2 1 1 C 2 H 6: ethane: dimethyl; ethyl hydride; methyl methane 3 1 1 C 3 H 8: propane: dimethyl methane; propyl hydride 4 2 2 C 4 H 10: n-butane: butyl hydride ...

  6. Valence isomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_isomer

    In organic chemistry, two molecules are valence isomers when they are constitutional isomers that can interconvert through pericyclic reactions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Benzene

  7. Rearrangement reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rearrangement_reaction

    In organic chemistry, a rearrangement reaction is a broad class of organic reactions where the carbon skeleton of a molecule is rearranged to give a structural isomer of the original molecule. [1] Often a substituent moves from one atom to another atom in the same molecule, hence these reactions are usually intramolecular. In the example below ...

  8. Isomerization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomerization

    In chemistry, isomerization or isomerisation is the process in which a molecule, polyatomic ion or molecular fragment is transformed into an isomer with a different chemical structure. [1] Enolization is an example of isomerization, as is tautomerization. [2] When the isomerization occurs intramolecularly it may be called a rearrangement reaction.

  9. E–Z notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E–Z_notation

    E–Z configuration, or the E–Z convention, is the IUPAC preferred method of describing the absolute stereochemistry of double bonds in organic chemistry. It is an extension of cis–trans isomer notation (which only describes relative stereochemistry) that can be used to describe double bonds having two, three or four substituents. E and Z ...