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Biologists at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center discovered that a single mutation in a flu virus can give it the power to escape 90% of one person’s antibody immunity, but not another’s.
Immunity can be acquired either actively or passively. Immunity is acquired actively when a person is exposed to foreign substances and the immune system responds. Passive immunity is when antibodies are transferred from one host to another. Both actively acquired and passively acquired immunity can be obtained by natural or artificial means.
The result: “56% of one community-obtained virus was similar to one component of the vaccine and 100% of a second flu virus was similar to a different vaccine component,” Dr. Shah says.
Influenza virus nomenclature (for a Fujian flu virus) Influenza viruses comprise four species, each the sole member of its own genus. The four influenza genera comprise four of the seven genera in the family Orthomyxoviridae. They are: [1] [18] Influenza A virus, genus Alphainfluenzavirus; Influenza B virus, genus Betainfluenzavirus
Like SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19, both flu A and B spread from person to person, up to a distance of about six feet. The virus passes through droplets expelled when you sneeze ...
Influenza viruses which have undergone antigenic shift have caused the Asian Flu pandemic of 1957, the Hong Kong Flu pandemic of 1968, and the Swine Flu scare of 1976. Until recently, such combinations were believed to have caused the infamous Spanish flu outbreak of 1918 which killed 40~100 million people worldwide.
Mammalian influenza viruses tend to be labile, but they can survive several hours in a host’s mucus. [57] Avian influenza virus can survive for 100 days in distilled water at room temperature and for 200 days at 17 °C (63 °F). The avian virus is inactivated more quickly in manure but can survive for up to two weeks in feces on cages.
Antigenic drift has been responsible for heavier-than-normal flu seasons in the past, like the outbreak of influenza H3N2 variant A/Fujian/411/2002 in the 2003–2004 flu season. All influenza viruses experience some form of antigenic drift, but it is most pronounced in the influenza A virus. [citation needed]