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  2. Helmholtz reciprocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmholtz_reciprocity

    Intuitively, "If I can see you, you can see me." Like the principles of thermodynamics, in suitable conditions, this principle is reliable enough to use as a check on the correct performance of experiments, in contrast with the usual situation in which the experiments are tests of a proposed law. [1] [12]

  3. Huygens–Fresnel principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens–Fresnel_principle

    He was able to provide a qualitative explanation of linear and spherical wave propagation, and to derive the laws of reflection and refraction using this principle, but could not explain the deviations from rectilinear propagation that occur when light encounters edges, apertures and screens, commonly known as diffraction effects.

  4. Fresnel equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations

    The relationship between these angles is given by the law of reflection: =, and Snell's law: ⁡ = ⁡. The behavior of light striking the interface is explained by considering the electric and magnetic fields that constitute an electromagnetic wave , and the laws of electromagnetism , as shown below .

  5. Scientific law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_law

    Scientific laws or laws of science are statements, based on repeated experiments or observations, that describe or predict a range of natural phenomena. [1] The term law has diverse usage in many cases (approximate, accurate, broad, or narrow) across all fields of natural science (physics, chemistry, astronomy, geoscience, biology).

  6. Conway's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway's_law

    The law is, in a strict sense, only about correspondence; it does not state that communication structure is the cause of system structure, merely describes the connection. Different commentators have taken various positions on the direction of causality; that technical design causes the organization to restructure to fit, [ 10 ] that the ...

  7. Falsifiability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiability

    Criteria that require that a law must be predictive, just as is required by falsifiability (when applied to laws), Popper wrote, "have been put forward as criteria of the meaningfulness of sentences (rather than as criteria of demarcation applicable to theoretical systems) again and again after the publication of my book, even by critics who ...

  8. Virgin Australia Airline crew allegedly sexually assaulted ...

    www.aol.com/news/airline-crew-reportedly-virgin...

    Virgin Australia crew members were allegedly sexually assaulted and robbed in one of Fiji's nightclub areas on New Year's Day, the island country's Deputy Prime Minister Viliame Gavoka announced.

  9. Statutory interpretation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statutory_interpretation

    Statutory interpretation first became significant in common law systems, of which historically England is the exemplar. In Roman and civil law, a statute (or code) guides the magistrate, but there is no judicial precedent.