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A characteristic of Homer's style is the use of epithets, as in "rosy-fingered" Dawn or "swift-footed" Achilles.Epithets are used because of the constraints of the dactylic hexameter (i.e., it is convenient to have a stockpile of metrically fitting phrases to add to a name) and because of the oral transmission of the poems; they are mnemonic aids to the singer and the audience alike.
Hermes, messenger of the gods, leads Priam into Achilles' camp in book 24. Iris, messenger of Zeus and Hera. Poseidon, god of the sea and earthquake, brother of Zeus. Curses Odysseus. Scamander, river god who fought on the side of the Trojans during the Trojan War; Thetis, a sea nymph or goddess. Mother of Achilles, wife of Peleus.
Example opening lines with invocations: Sing goddess the baneful wrath of Achilles son of Peleus – Iliad 1.1 Muse, tell me in verse of the man of many wiles – Odyssey 1.1 From the Heliconian Muses let us begin to sing – Hesiod, Theogony 1.1 Beginning with thee, Oh Phoebus, I will recount the famous deeds of men of old – Argonautica 1.1
Gyas is one of the four captains in the boat race in Book 5 of the Aeneid; he commands the Chimaera, and after gaining an early lead, at the halfway point he orders Menoetes, his helmsman, to steer in tightly, but Menoetes, afraid of hitting the reef, takes a wider turn and the Chimaera is passed on the inside by Cloanthus in the Scylla.
Aeneas Flees Burning Troy, by Federico Barocci (1598). Galleria Borghese, Rome, Italy Map of Aeneas' fictional journey. The Aeneid (/ ɪ ˈ n iː ɪ d / ih-NEE-id; Latin: Aenēĭs [ae̯ˈneːɪs] or [ˈae̯neɪs]) is a Latin epic poem that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who fled the fall of Troy and travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans.
Virgil introduces the characters anew, but they have already appeared in Book 5, [11] at the funeral games held for Aeneas's father, Anchises, during the "Odyssean" first half of the epic. [12] The games demonstrate behaviors that in the war to come will result in victory or defeat; in particular, the footrace in which Nisus and Euryalus ...
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In the Odyssey, the catalogue of women in Hades in Book XI. In the Argonautica, the catalogue of heroes in Book I. In the Aeneid, the list of enemies the Trojans find in Etruria in Book VII. Also, the list of ships in Book X. [2] In Ovid's Metamorphoses, the catalogue of Actaeon's dogs (Book I) and of trees (Book X).