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The laryngeal consonants comprise the pharyngeal consonants (including the epiglottals), the glottal consonants, [1] [2] and for some languages uvular consonants. [3] The term laryngeal is often taken to be synonymous with glottal, but the larynx consists of more than just the glottis (vocal folds): it also includes the epiglottis and ...
Laryngeal consonants are lost between a vowel and any other consonant in pretonic syllables. [13] [14] Examples of this include Proto-Celtic *wiro-(whence Old Irish fer 'man'), Latin vir 'man', and Old English wer 'man', all of which are derived from Proto-Indo-European *wiHró-. If the vowel is long before the process occurs, it is shortened.
Before the development of laryngeal theory, scholars compared Greek, Latin and Sanskrit (then considered earliest daughter languages) and concluded the existence in these contexts of a schwa (ə) vowel in PIE, the schwa indogermanicum. The contexts are: 1. between consonants (short vowel); 2. word initial before a consonant (short vowel); 3.
1.5 Laryngeal consonants. 1.5.1 Pharyngeal consonants. ... This is a list of all the consonants which have a dedicated letter in the International Phonetic Alphabet, ...
Second consonant (C 4): Always /s/ in native Spanish words. [102] Other consonants, except /ɲ/, /ʝ/ and /ʎ/, are tolerated as long as they are less sonorous than the first consonant in the coda, such as in York or the Catalan last name Brucart, but the final element is sometimes deleted in colloquial speech. [109]
A laryngeal in the sequence *CH.CC was dropped, where a syllable boundary follows the laryngeal (i.e. the following two consonants are capable of occurring at the start of a word, as in *tr- but not *rt-). An example is the weak stem * dʰugtr-given above, compared to the strong stem * dʰugh̥₂tér-.
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The following table shows the Proto-Indo-European consonants and their reflexes in selected Indo-European daughter languages. Background and further details can be found in various related articles, including Proto-Indo-European phonology, Centum and satem languages, the articles on the various sound laws referred to in the introduction, and the articles on the various IE proto-languages ...