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Mechanical advantage is a measure of the force amplification achieved by using a tool, mechanical device or machine system. The device trades off input forces against movement to obtain a desired amplification in the output force.
If a mechanical system has no losses, then the input power must equal the output power. This provides a simple formula for the mechanical advantage of the system. Let the input power to a device be a force F A acting on a point that moves with velocity v A and the output power be a force F B acts on a point that moves with velocity v B.
This means the input force on the rope is F A =F B /n. Thus, the block and tackle reduces the input force by the factor n. A double tackle has two pulleys in both the fixed and moving blocks with four rope parts (n) supporting the load (F B) of 100 N. The mechanical advantage is 4, requiring a force of only 25 N to lift the load.
where F A is a force acting on point A on the rigid lever beam, F B is a force acting on point B on the rigid lever beam and a and b are the respective distances from points A and B to the pivot point. If F B is the output force and F A is the input force, then mechanical advantage MA is given by the ratio of output force to input force.
A machine is a mechanical linkage in which force is applied at one point, and the force does work moving a load at another point. At any instant the power input to a machine is equal to the input force multiplied by the velocity of the input point, similarly the power output is equal to the force exerted on the load multiplied by the velocity ...
Mechanical linkages are usually designed to transform a given input force and movement into a desired output force and movement. The ratio of the output force to the input force is known as the mechanical advantage of the linkage, while the ratio of the input speed to the output speed is known as the speed ratio. The speed ratio and mechanical ...
A "damping constant" defines the force output for a velocity input. If we control the impedance of a mechanism, we are controlling the force of resistance to external motions that are imposed by the environment. Mechanical admittance is the inverse of impedance - it defines the motions that result from a force input.
If the input force F A is applied to the edge of the wheel A and the force F B at the edge of the axle B is the output, then the ratio of the velocities of points A and B is given by a/b, so the ratio of the output force to the input force, or mechanical advantage, is given by = =.