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As benzene is ubiquitous in gasoline and hydrocarbon fuels that are in use everywhere, human exposure to benzene is a global health problem. Benzene targets the liver, kidney, lung, heart and brain and can cause DNA strand breaks and chromosomal damage, hence is teratogenic and mutagenic. Benzene causes cancer in animals including humans.
In the petroleum refining and petrochemical industries, the initialism BTX refers to mixtures of benzene, toluene, and the three xylene isomers, all of which are aromatic hydrocarbons. The xylene isomers are distinguished by the designations ortho – (or o –), meta – (or m –), and para – (or p –) as indicated in the adjacent diagram.
*** Benzene is a carcinogen (cancer-causing agent). *** Very flammable. The pure material, and any solutions containing it, constitute a fire risk. Safe handling: Benzene should NOT be used at all unless no safer alternatives are available. If benzene must be used in an experiment, it should be handled at all stages in a fume cupboard.
After all, benzene is widely used in the United States. It ranks in the top 20 chemicals for production volume. In addition to its use in glues, paints, furniture wax, and detergents, it gets ...
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
The Penex process is a continuous catalytic process used in the refining of crude oil. It isomerizes light naphtha (C 5 /C 6) into higher-octane, branched C 5 /C 6 molecules. It also reduces the concentration of benzene in the gasoline pool. [1] It was first used commercially in 1958. [2]
Ethylbenzene is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 CH 2 CH 3.It is a highly flammable, colorless liquid with an odor similar to that of gasoline.This monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is important in the petrochemical industry as a reaction intermediate in the production of styrene, the precursor to polystyrene, a common plastic material.
The white gas sold today is a similar product but is produced at refineries and has a very low benzene content, benzene being a human carcinogen. [ 5 ] Though Coleman fuel has an octane rating of 50 to 55 and a flammability similar to gasoline, it has none of the additives found in modern gasoline .