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During the inaugurations of Lithuanian monarchs until 1569, Gediminas' Cap was placed on the monarch's head by the Bishop of Vilnius in Vilnius Cathedral. [7] Lithuania in the present day is a representative democracy in a semi-presidential system based on popular sovereignty, as defined in the current Constitution of Lithuania, and has no ...
The act of personal union with Poland was signed as early as 1385; however, the continuous line of common rulers of the two countries started only with Casimir IV (even then, Polish and Lithuanians twice selected different rulers following the death of an earlier common monarch, but the Lithuanian one always eventually assumed the Polish throne ...
The House of Gediminas (Lithuanian: Gediminaičių dinastija), or simply the Gediminids, [a] were a dynasty of monarchs in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that reigned from the 14th to the 16th century. [1] A cadet branch of this family, known as the Jagiellonian dynasty, reigned also in the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Hungary and Kingdom of ...
Lithuanian forces were, however, unable to prevent the devastating Mongol invasion of Lithuania in 1258–1259. [5] Treniota's influence grew as he waged a war against the Order and his priorities began to diverge from those of Mindaugas. [6] The conflict resulted in the assassination of Mindaugas and two of his sons in 1263.
Tautvilas was killed by his cousin Treniota in 1263. Some historians suggest that Tautvilas had a son, Constantine, who ruled Vitebsk, [7] however others disagree and claim that his son might have been Aigust, who was sent by Novgorod to Pskov in 1271. [8] It is assumed that Mindaugas had three wives even though nothing is known about the first ...
Casimir Jagiellon was the third and youngest son of King Władysław II Jagiełło (known as Jogaila) and his fourth wife, Sophia of Halshany. [5] Casimir's mother was 40 to 50 years younger than his father, which caused widespread speculations that the children were the product of adultery. [6]
Gediminas was born in about 1275. [10] Because written sources of the era are scarce, Gediminas' ancestry, early life, and assumption of the title of Grand Duke in ca. 1316 are obscure and continue to be the subject of scholarly debate.
Vaidutis was born in 1365 in Drohiczyn, Grand Duchy of Lithuania. [1] His father was Lithuanian duke Butautas, a son of the monarch Kęstutis. [1] Butautas unsuccessfully attempted a coup d'état in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, failing to capture the capital city Vilnius while the monarchs Kęstutis and Algirdas were away in Volhynia assisting their brother Liubartas, the Grand Prince of ...