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With the creation of the political districts (Bezirke) in 1868, which go back to the December Constitution of 1867, [6] the Kreis divisions were abolished and replaced with much more finely divided Bezirk divisions; however, the newly created district commissions (Bezirkshauptmannschaften) were strongly influenced by the former Kreis administrations.
The Bavarian Circle (German: Bayerischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire.. The most significant state by far in the circle was the Duchy of Bavaria (raised to an Electorate by Emperor Ferdinand II in 1623) with the Upper Palatinate territories. [1]
The German empire was the first unified, centralized German nation, created after the North German victory in the Franco-Prussian War. It was also a colonial empire, with territories outside of Europe. Greece (Kingdom) 1832 1924 Greece, Turkey: Greece (4th of August Regime) 1936 1941 Greece, Turkey: Greece (Kingdom) 1944 1974 Greece, Turkey
Benin Empire: 1180: 1897: 717 Bogd Khanate of Mongolia/Great Mongolian State 1911 1924 7 (broken up from 1915 to 1921) Bornu Empire: 1380: 1893: 513 Empire of Brazil: 1822: 1889: 67 Britannic Empire: 286: 296: 10 British Empire: 1583: 1997: 414 Bruneian Empire: 1368: 1888: 520 Bukhara Empire: 1501: 1785: 284 Bulgarian Empire (Great Bulgaria ...
For most of its history, its lands were coterminous with the holdings of the Spanish Habsburgs in the Empire (Franche-Comté and the Habsburg Netherlands). The circle's territorial scope was reduced considerably in the 17th century with the secession of the Seven United Provinces in 1581 (recognized 1648 under the Treaty of Westphalia ) and the ...
Kreis (Habsburg monarchy), a former type of subdivision of the Habsburg monarchy and Austrian Empire Reichkreise , or Imperial Circles , ceremonial associations of several regional monarchies ( Reichsländer ) and/or imperial cities ( Reichsstädte ) in the Holy Roman Empire
Satellite image of Europe by night 1916 physical map of Europe Topography of Europe. Some geographical texts refer to a Eurasian continent given that Europe is not surrounded by sea and its southeastern border has always been variously defined for centuries. In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands.
The list below includes all entities falling even partially under any of the various common definitions of Europe, geographical or political.Fifty generally recognised sovereign states, Kosovo with limited, but substantial, international recognition, and four largely unrecognised de facto states with limited to no recognition have territory in Europe and/or membership in international European ...