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A dorsal root ganglion (or spinal ganglion; also known as a posterior root ganglion [1]) is a cluster of neurons (a ganglion) in a dorsal root of a spinal nerve. The cell bodies of sensory neurons known as first-order neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia. [2] The axons of dorsal root ganglion neurons are known as afferents.
The body is situated in the dorsal root ganglion, with one axon traveling peripherally to tissue, and one traveling into the dorsal column. On the right is a bipolar neuron . When an action potential is generated by a mechanoreceptor in the tissue , the action potential will travel along the peripheral axon of the first-order neuron.
The dorsal root of spinal nerve (or posterior root of spinal nerve or sensory root) [1] is one of two "roots" which emerge from the spinal cord. It emerges directly from the spinal cord, and travels to the dorsal root ganglion. Nerve fibres with the ventral root then combine to form a spinal nerve.
The GVA pathway then diverges from the sympathetic efferent pathway, which follows the ventral root into the spinal column, by following the dorsal root into the dorsal root ganglion, where the cell body of the visceral afferent nerve is located. [5]
All of these sensations travel along the same general pathways towards the brain. One pathway— dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway —begins with sensation from the periphery being sent via afferent nerve fiber of the dorsal root ganglion (first order neuron) through the spinal cord to the dorsal column nuclei (second order neuron) in ...
All of these neurons are sensory (first order, or primary) and have their cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia. They pass through Rexed laminae layers I-VI of the posterior grey column (dorsal horn) to form synapses with second order or secondary neurons in layer VII just beneath the dorsal horn.
The dorsal root ganglion contains cell bodies for sensory nerves including large, myelinated Aβ fibers which carry proprioception and tactile touch sensation to the brain via the dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway and small, unmyelinated C fibers which carry thermal and pain sensation to the brain via the spinothalamic tract. [2]
The posterolateral tract contains centrally projecting axons from dorsal root ganglion cells carrying peripheral pain and temperature information (location, intensity and quality). These axons enter the spinal column and penetrate the grey matter of the dorsal horn, where they synapse on second-order neurons in either the substantia gelatinosa ...