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Jules François Camille Ferry (French: [ʒyl fɛʁi]; 5 April 1832 – 17 March 1893) was a French statesman and republican philosopher. [1] He was one of the leaders of the Moderate Republicans and served as Prime Minister of France from 1880 to 1881 and 1883 to 1885.
The leaders of the group included Adolphe Thiers, Jules Ferry, Jules Grévy, Henri Wallon and René Waldeck-Rousseau. Although considered leftist at the time, the Moderate Republicans progressively evolved into a centre-right political party.
The Jules Ferry Laws are a set of French laws which established free education in 1881, then mandatory and laic (secular) education in 1882. Jules Ferry , a lawyer holding the office of Minister of Public Instruction in the 1880s, is widely credited for creating the modern Republican school ( l'école républicaine ).
Jules Ferry, a lawyer with a passion for public affairs and a sincere republican streak, radically reformed the school system of the Third Republic, making him an emblematic figure of French secularism. In February 1879, Jules Ferry became Minister of Public Instruction.
In March 1879, [71] debates on the Jules Ferry law on higher education—subsequently known as the law of March 18, 1880—gave rise to considerable controversy due to its Article 7, which revoked the right of congregationist teachers to confer university degrees. [72] The Republicans sought to inflict a decisive blow to Catholic education . [73]
Jules Ferry would never again serve as premier, and became a figure of popular scorn. The collapse of Ferry's ministry was a major political embarrassment for the proponents of the policy of French colonial expansion first championed in the 1870s by Léon Gambetta. It was not until the early 1890s that French colonial party regained domestic ...
Legislative elections were held in France on 21 August and 4 September 1881. The elections marked the collapse of the right compared to the 1877 elections.. It was a great success for the followers of Léon Gambetta, whom President Jules Grévy appointed premier two months after the election.
[8] [9] Thereafter, the Third Republic established secular education with the Jules Ferry laws in 1881–1882, which were a significant part of the firm establishment of the Republican regime in France, with religious instruction in all schools forbidden. [6] In 1886, another law ensured secularisation of the teaching staff of the National ...