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30 May 1913 (Treaty of London): Following the First Balkan War, Greece secures much of Macedonia and Epirus, as well as Crete; the status of Northern Epirus and the islands of the eastern Aegean Sea, occupied by the Greek army, remain undetermined. The Greek gains are recognized by the Ottoman Empire in the Treaty of Athens on 14 November 1913.
After nine years of war, Greece was recognized as an independent state under the London Protocol of February 1830. Further negotiations in 1832 led to the London Conference and the Treaty of Constantinople , which defined the final borders of the new state and established Prince Otto of Bavaria as the first king of Greece .
These refugees from Asia Minor also led to rapid growth of urban areas in Greece, as the vast majority of them settled in urban centres such as Athens and Thessaloniki. The 1920 census reported that 36.3% of Greeks lived in urban or semi-urban areas, while the 1928 census reported that 45.6% of Greeks lived in urban or semi-urban areas.
Map showing Greek ambitions at the Paris Peace Conference after World War I, 1919 Map of Megali Hellas (Greater Greece) as proposed at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 by Eleftherios Venizelos, the leading major proponent of the Megali Idea at the time. The territorial expansion of Greece, 1832–1947.
The urban population tripled from 8% in 1853 to 24% in 1907. Athens grew from a village of 6000 people in 1834, when it became the capital, to 63,000 in 1879, 111,000 in 1896, and 167,000 in 1907. [35] In Athens and other cities, men arriving from rural areas set up workshops and stores, creating a middle class.
Athens became the capital of Greece in 1834, following Nafplion, which was the provisional capital from 1829. The municipality (city) of Athens is also the capital of the Attica region. The term Athens can refer either to the municipality of Athens, to Greater Athens or urban area, or to the entire Athens Metropolitan Area.
Mapping Ancient Athens is a project by a Greek non-profit Dipylon, launched in 2021, that aims to map and provide an interactive digital portal to explore the archaeological remains and historical data from more than 1500 rescue excavations conducted across Athens over the past 160 years. The project created a searchable map interface that ...
Athens is one of the oldest named cities in the world, having been continuously inhabited for perhaps 5,000 years. Situated in southern Europe, Athens became the leading city of ancient Greece in the first millennium BC, and its cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the foundations of Western civilization.