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In elementary algebra, the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial.According to the theorem, the power (+) expands into a polynomial with terms of the form , where the exponents and are nonnegative integers satisfying + = and the coefficient of each term is a specific positive integer ...
The approximation can be proven several ways, and is closely related to the binomial theorem. By Bernoulli's inequality , the left-hand side of the approximation is greater than or equal to the right-hand side whenever x > − 1 {\displaystyle x>-1} and α ≥ 1 {\displaystyle \alpha \geq 1} .
The binomial coefficients can be arranged to form Pascal's triangle, in which each entry is the sum of the two immediately above. Visualisation of binomial expansion up to the 4th power. In mathematics, the binomial coefficients are the positive integers that occur as coefficients in the binomial theorem.
The basic idea is to show that the central binomial coefficients must have a prime factor within the interval (,) in order to be large enough. This is achieved through analysis of their factorizations. The main steps of the proof are as follows.
The binomial series is therefore sometimes referred to as Newton's binomial theorem. Newton gives no proof and is not explicit about the nature of the series. Later, on 1826 Niels Henrik Abel discussed the subject in a paper published on Crelle's Journal, treating notably questions of convergence. [4]
Several theorems related to the triangle were known, including the binomial theorem. Khayyam used a method of finding nth roots based on the binomial expansion, and therefore on the binomial coefficients. [1] Pascal's triangle was known in China during the 11th century through the work of the Chinese mathematician Jia Xian (1010–1070).
A binomial raised to the n th power, represented as (x + y) n can be expanded by means of the binomial theorem or, equivalently, using Pascal's triangle. For example, the square (x + y) 2 of the binomial (x + y) is equal to the sum of the squares of the two terms and twice the product of the terms, that is:
Relationship to the binomial theorem [ edit ] The Leibniz rule bears a strong resemblance to the binomial theorem , and in fact the binomial theorem can be proven directly from the Leibniz rule by taking f ( x ) = e a x {\displaystyle f(x)=e^{ax}} and g ( x ) = e b x , {\displaystyle g(x)=e^{bx},} which gives