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Multi-stage flash distillation (MSF) is a water desalination process that distills sea water by flashing a portion of the water into steam in multiple stages of what are essentially countercurrent heat exchangers. Current MSF facilities may have as many as 30 stages. [1]
The desalination process's energy consumption depends on the water's salinity. Brackish water desalination requires less energy than seawater desalination. [82] The energy intensity of seawater desalination has improved: It is now about 3 kWh/m 3 (in 2018), down by a factor of 10 from 20-30 kWh/m 3 in 1970.
Multiple-effect distillation or multi-effect distillation (MED) is a distillation process often used for sea water desalination. It consists of multiple stages or "effects". In each stage the feed water is heated by steam in tubes, usually by spraying saline water onto them.
In China a desalination plant was planned for Tianjin in 2010, to produce 100,000 m³ of desalinated seawater a day. [9] [10] In Spain in 2004, 20 reverse osmosis plants were planned to be built along the Costas, expecting to meet slightly over 1% of Spain's total water needs. [11] [12] [13]
The first method utilizes an ejector system motivated by steam at manometric pressure from an external source in order to recycle vapor from the desalination process. The form is designated ejectocompression or thermocompression. Using the second method, water vapor is compressed by means of a mechanical device, electrically driven in most cases.
The system spans over 2,000 square miles (5,200 km 2) to deliver drinking water at an average rate of 171,000,000 US gallons (650,000 m 3) per day. The region's water sources are: Surface water from the Alafia River, [3] Hillsborough River and Tampa Bypass Canal; Reverse osmosis desalinated seawater from Tampa Bay [4] Groundwater from regional ...
Jul. 26—With approval of a $10 million Texas Water Development Board loan, the Laguna Madre Water District will build a 10 million gallon seawater desalination plant in Port Isabel using water ...
Obtaining fresh water from seawater is a theoretically simple system that, in practice, presented many difficulties. While there are numerous effective methods today, early desalination efforts had low yields and often could not produce potable water. [1]