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Valine (symbol Val or V) [4] is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH 3 + form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO − form under biological conditions), and a side chain isopropyl group, making it a non-polar aliphatic amino acid.
The drug has concluded phase I clinical trials for acute myeloid leukemia. [5] Interim results were presented in Dec 2014. [6] and published April 2015.[7]Based on interim data from ongoing phase I clinical trials presented at the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology (ASH), researchers at Seattle Genetics have planned a phase III clinical trial to begin in 2016.
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (also γ-glutamyltransferase, GGT, gamma-GT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; [1] EC 2.3.2.2) is a transferase (a type of enzyme) that catalyzes the transfer of gamma-glutamyl functional groups from molecules such as glutathione to an acceptor that may be an amino acid, a peptide or water (forming glutamate).
V600E is a mutation of the BRAF gene in which valine (V) is substituted by glutamic acid (E) at amino acid 600. [1] [2] It is a driver mutation in a proportion of certain diagnoses, including melanoma, [3] [4] hairy cell leukemia, [5] [6] papillary thyroid carcinoma, [7] [8] colorectal cancer, [9] non-small-cell lung cancer, [10] [11] Langerhans cell histiocytosis, [12] Erdheim–Chester ...
X is L-valine or L-isoleucine – in natural gramicidin mixes of A, B and C, about 5% of the total gramicidins are isoleucine isoforms. [2] Gramicidin helices. Antiparallel (left) and parallel double helices and the helix dimer present in lipid bilayers. C and N are C- and N-terminals. [12] Gramicidins form helices.
Valbenazine is used to treat tardive dyskinesia in adults. [1] Tardive dyskinesia is a drug-induced neurological injury characterized by involuntary movements. [3] The clinical trials that led to the approval of valbenazine by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were six weeks in duration. [1]
Valinomycin is a dodecadepsipeptide, that is, it is made of twelve alternating amino acids and esters to form a macrocyclic molecule. The twelve carbonyl groups are essential for the binding of metal ions, and also for solvation in polar solvents.
Monomethyl auristatin E is an antimitotic agent which inhibits cell division by blocking the polymerisation of tubulin.The linker to the monoclonal antibody is stable in extracellular fluid, but is cleaved by cathepsin once the conjugate has entered a tumor cell, thus activating the antimitotic mechanism.