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International English Language Testing System (IELTS / ˈ aɪ. ɛ l t s /) [6] is an international standardized test of English language proficiency for non-native English language speakers. It is jointly managed by the British Council, IDP and Cambridge English, [6] and was established in 1989. IELTS is one of the major English-language tests ...
IELTS Score TOEFL Score TOEFL PBT Score CEFR IELTS Description 9.0 118–120 667–677 C2 Expert User 8.5 115–117 657–663 Very Good User 8.0 110–114 637–653 C1 7.5 102–109 610–633 Good User 7.0 94–101 587–607 6.5 79–93 550–583 B2 Competent User 6.0 60–78 500–547 5.5 46–59 453–497 Modest User 5.0 35–45 417–450 B1 4.5
Mapping of MUET Results against CEFR, IELTS, and TOEFL (Malaysian Examination Syndicate, 2018) MUET CEFR IELTS TOEFL English Level Aggregated score Band Band Band Band 260 - 300 6 C2 >8.0 110-120 Advanced 220 - 259 5 C1 7.0-8.0 94-109 Upper Intermediate 180 - 219 4 B2 6.0-6.5 60-93 140 - 179 3 5.5 46-59 Lower Intermediate 100 - 139 2 B1 4.0-5.0
Many institutions accept more than one English language exam, e.g. C1 Advanced and IELTS. However, there are some subtle differences between these two exams. For example, C1 Advanced certifies at B2, C1 and C2 levels – the language levels needed for study and work; IELTS is designed to test a much broader range of language levels, from CEFR ...
An intergovernmental symposium in 1991 titled "Transparency and Coherence in Language Learning in Europe: Objectives, Evaluation, Certification" held by the Swiss Federal Authorities in the Swiss municipality of Rüschlikon found the need for a common European framework for languages to improve the recognition of language qualifications and help teachers co-operate.
Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.
Scan is part of the Acrobat family developed by Adobe Inc. to scan, crop, and manage files in a PDF. It is currently available for iOS and Android. Sign (formerly EchoSign and eSign) is part of the Acrobat family developed by Adobe Inc. to fill, sign, and manage files in a PDF. It is currently available for iOS and Android. [32]
The Document Foundation developers target Microsoft Windows (IA-32 and x86-64), Linux (IA-32, x86-64, and ARM) and macOS (x86-64 and ARM). [ 29 ] [ 30 ] There are community ports for FreeBSD , [ 31 ] NetBSD , [ 32 ] OpenBSD and Mac OS X 10.5 PowerPC [ 33 ] receive support from contributors to those projects, respectively.