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Immunotherapy or biological therapy is the treatment of disease by activating or suppressing the immune system. Immunotherapies designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies, while immunotherapies that reduce or suppress are classified as suppression immunotherapies .
William Bradley Coley (January 12, 1862 – April 16, 1936) was an American bone surgeon and cancer researcher best known for his early contributions to the study of cancer immunotherapy, specifically causing infection as a way to fight cancer, a practice used as far back as 1550 BC. [1]
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncotherapy) is the stimulation of the immune system to treat cancer, improving the immune system's natural ability to fight the disease. [1] It is an application of the fundamental research of cancer immunology ( immuno-oncology ) and a growing subspecialty of oncology .
The Breakthrough is written for the lay reader and includes sections on immunology that have been written for a general audience. It examines the development of cancer immunotherapy, starting with William Coley's work with toxins in the 1890s, moving on to the long hiatus of immunotherapy, and concluding with victory for the believers in the form of regulatory approval of CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD ...
In 1858 Dr. M. Sales Giron invented the first pressurized inhaler. Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887 in Germany by Romanian chemist Lazăr Edeleanu who named it phenylisopropylamine ; [ 23 ] [ 24 ] [ 25 ] its stimulant effects remained unknown until 1927, when it was independently resynthesized by Gordon Alles and reported to have ...
Immunoglobulin therapy is the use of a mixture of antibodies (normal human immunoglobulin) to treat several health conditions. [13] [14] These conditions include primary immunodeficiency, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Kawasaki disease, certain cases of HIV/AIDS and measles, Guillain–Barré syndrome, and certain other infections when a ...
Evolocumab, [6] sold under the brand name Repatha, is a monoclonal antibody that is an immunotherapy medication for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Evolocumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) .
Sunitinib, sold under the brand name Sutent, is an anti-cancer medication. [2] It is a small-molecule, multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that was approved by the FDA for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in January 2006.