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Primary peritonitis is the diffuse bacterial infection of the peritoneum while the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract is preserved (in cases of ascites); secondary peritonitis is the infection of peritoneum where the integrity of gastrointestinal tract is compromised; tertiary peritonitis is reinfection of peritoneum 48 hours after ...
Rigidity (involuntary contraction of the abdominal muscles) is the most specific exam finding for diagnosing peritonitis. [14] If focal peritonitis is detected, further work-up should be done. If diffuse peritonitis is detected, then urgent surgical consultation should be obtained, and may warrant surgery without further investigations.
The clinical manifestations of secondary peritonitis are a reflection of the underlying disease process. Fever, diffuse abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting are common. Physical examination generally show signs of peritoneal inflammation, isuch as rebound tenderness, abdominal wall rigidity and decrease in bowel sounds.
Patients who acquire tertiary peritonitis are usually admitted to ICU due to the critical, life-threatening nature of the condition which can lead to multi-organ failure despite treatment and has a high mortality rate of 60%. [4] Signs and symptoms of tertiary peritonitis include fever, hypotension and abdominal pain. Diagnosis of the condition ...
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the development of a bacterial infection in the peritoneum, despite the absence of an obvious source for the infection. [1] It is specifically an infection of the ascitic fluid – an increased volume of peritoneal fluid. [2] Ascites is most commonly a complication of cirrhosis of the liver. [1]
Peritoneal tissue edema secondary to diffuse peritonitis, abdominal trauma [7] Fluid therapy due to massive volume resuscitation; Retroperitoneal hematoma secondary to trauma and aortic rupture; Peritoneal trauma secondary to emergency abdominal operations; Reperfusion injury following bowel ischemia due to any cause
Management: antibiotics for cellulitis, open and drain wound, saline-soaked packing twice a day, secondary closure. Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis: persistent wide fever swings despite antibiotics, usually normal abdominal or pelvic exams. [19] Management: IV heparin for 7–10 days at rates sufficient to prolong the PTT to double the baseline ...
Early diagnosis and immediate treatment are vital in reducing the chances of later complications from PID. Delaying treatment for even a few days could greatly increase the chances of further complications. Even when the PID infection is cured, effects of the infection may be permanent, or long lasting. This makes early identification essential.