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The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) was a 2003–2020 NASA-sponsored satellite mission that measured incoming X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and total solar radiation. [2] These measurements specifically addressed long-term climate change , natural variability, atmospheric ozone , and UV-B radiation , enhancing ...
Solar EUV radiation output undergoes constant changes, both moment to moment and over the Sun's 11-year solar cycle, and these changes are important to understand because they have a significant impact on atmospheric heating, satellite drag, and communications system degradation, including disruption of the Global Positioning System. [15]
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a satellite-based sensor used for earth and climate measurements. There are two MODIS sensors in Earth orbit : one on board the Terra ( EOS AM) satellite, launched by NASA in 1999; and one on board the Aqua (EOS PM) satellite, launched in 2002.
The Terra satellite, launched in December 1999, carried two (Flight Module 1 (FM1) and FM2) and the Aqua satellite, launched in May 2002, carried two more (FM3 and FM4). A fifth instrument (FM5) was launched on the Suomi NPP satellite in October 2011 and a sixth (FM6) on NOAA-20 in November 2017. With the failure of the PFM on TRMM and the 2005 ...
Solar radiation maps are built using databases derived from satellite imagery, as for example using visible images from Meteosat Prime satellite. A method is applied to the images to determine solar radiation. One well validated satellite-to-irradiance model is the SUNY model. [39] The accuracy of this model is well evaluated.
NASA 2011 Part of the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) program. SWOT: Active NASA: 2022 TanDEM-X: Active DLR: 2010 Terra: Active NASA 1999 Carries five instruments to observe the state of the atmosphere, land, and oceans, as well as their interactions with solar radiation and with one another. [23] TerraSAR-X: Active DLR: 2007 THEOS: Active ...
Measurements from NASA's Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment show that solar UV output is more variable than total solar irradiance. Climate modelling suggests that low solar activity may result in, for example, colder winters in the US and northern Europe and milder winters in Canada and southern Europe, with little change in global ...
Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), [1] also called Explorer 94 and SMEX-12, [2] is a NASA solar observation satellite. The mission was funded through the Small Explorer program to investigate the physical conditions of the solar limb, particularly the interface region made up of the chromosphere and transition region.