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In recent years, scholars have expanded the time span and global perspective of the Enlightenment by examining: (1) how European intellectuals did not work alone and other people helped spread and adapt Enlightenment ideas, (2) how Enlightenment ideas were "a response to cross-border interaction and global integration," and (3) how the ...
Ionian Enlightenment, the origin of ancient Greek advances in philosophy and science; Dark Enlightenment, an anti-democratic and reactionary movement that broadly rejects egalitarianism and Whig historiography; Enlightenment Intensive, a group retreat designed to enable a spiritual enlightenment
Buddha Enlightenment Mudra. Bodhi Day is the Buddhist holiday that commemorates the day that Gautama Buddha (Shakyamuni) is said to have attained enlightenment, [1] also known as bodhi in Sanskrit and Pali.
Hence the original meaning of the word is "blown out, extinguished". (Sandhi changes the sounds: the v of vāna causes nis to become nir, and then the r of nir causes retroflexion of the following n: nis + vāna > nirvāṇa). [20] However the Buddhist meaning of nirvana also has other interpretations.
Modernity, a topic in the humanities and social sciences, is both a historical period (the modern era) and the ensemble of particular socio-cultural norms, attitudes and practices that arose in the wake of the Renaissance—in the Age of Reason of 17th-century thought and the 18th-century Enlightenment.
The English term enlightenment is the Western translation of various Buddhist terms, most notably bodhi and vimutti. The abstract noun bodhi (/ ˈ b oʊ d i /; Sanskrit: बोधि; Pali: bodhi) means the knowledge or wisdom, or awakened intellect, of a Buddha. [web 1] The verbal root budh-means "to awaken", and its literal meaning is closer ...
According to Crosson, the shift from man to human started during enlightenment and is still ongoing. [52] Crosson also argues that enlightenment, especially in Britain, produced not only a notion of universal man, but also gave birth to pseudoscientific ideas, such as those about differences between races, that shaped European history. [53]
Universities in northern Europe were more willing to accept the ideas of Enlightenment and were often greatly influenced by them. For instance, the historical ensemble of the University of Tartu in Estonia, that was erected around that time, is now included in the European Heritage Label list as an example of a university in the Age of Enlightenment.