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The development of microscopy revealed important distinctions between those organisms whose cells do not have a distinct nucleus (prokaryotes) and organisms whose cells do have a distinct nucleus . In 1937 Édouard Chatton introduced the terms "prokaryote" and "eukaryote" to differentiate these organisms. [9]
Kingdom monera. They belong to the prokaryote characteristics of kingdom monere. they are unicellular organism. they show different mode of nutrition such as autotrophic, heterotrophic,parasitic; they lack mitochondria; they have few organelles which are not membrane bounds; flagellum serves as the locomotory organ; reproduction is both sexual ...
The three-domain system adds a level of classification (the domains) "above" the kingdoms present in the previously used five- or six-kingdom systems.This classification system recognizes the fundamental divide between the two prokaryotic groups, insofar as Archaea appear to be more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to other prokaryotes – bacteria-like organisms with no cell nucleus.
Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain ribosomes which produce proteins as specified by the cell's DNA. Prokaryote ribosomes are smaller than those in eukaryote cytoplasm, but similar to those inside mitochondria and chloroplasts , one of several lines of evidence that those organelles derive from bacteria incorporated by symbiogenesis .
The monera differs from the four other kingdoms as "members of the Monera have a prokaryotic cytology in which the cells lack membrane-bound organelles such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, nuclei, and complex flagella." [1] The bacteria can be divided into two major subkingdoms: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.
Originally, Linnaeus established three kingdoms in his scheme, namely for Plants, Animals and an additional group for minerals, which has long since been abandoned. Since then, various life forms have been moved into three new kingdoms: Monera, for prokaryotes (i.e., bacteria); Protista, for protozoans and most algae; and Fungi.
These unusual shapes are probably maintained by both their cell walls and a prokaryotic cytoskeleton. Proteins related to the cytoskeleton components of other organisms exist in archaea, [110] and filaments form within their cells, [111] but in contrast with other organisms, these cellular structures are poorly understood. [112] In Thermoplasma ...
It consists of all bacteria, which are prokaryotes (lacking nucleus), thus, Domain Bacteria is made up solely of prokaryotic organisms. [62] [63] Some examples are: Cyanobacteria – photosynthesising bacteria related to the plastids of eukaryotes. [64] Spirochaetota – Gram-negative bacteria involved in human diseases like syphilis and lyme ...