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The geology of Chile is a characterized by processes linked to subduction, such as volcanism, earthquakes, and orogeny. The building blocks of Chile's geology were assembled during the Paleozoic Era when Chile was the southwestern margin of the supercontinent Gondwana .
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Volcanism of Chile is a continuous volcanic process that has a strong influence on Chilean landscape, geology, economy and society. Volcanism constantly renews the Chilean landscape with lava flows, lava plateaus , lava domes , cinder cones , stratovolcanoes , shield volcanoes , submarine volcanoes , calderas , diatremes , and maars .
Of the world's 46 known earthquakes with M ≥ 8.5 since the year 1500, one-third occurred in Chile [citation needed] and are shown in the map to the side. Some virtually have the same epicenters like the 1604 and 1868 (in Arica), the 1730 and 1822 (in Valparaíso), the 1751 and 1835 (in Concepción), and the 1575 and 1837 (in Valdivia).
The country's National Geology and Mining Service lists 90 active volcanoes. [2] The volcanoes of the Andes originate from the subduction of the Nazca Plate under the South American Plate, while the volcanoes of Chile's Pacific islands formed from magma coming from three distinct hotspots, Easter, Juan Fernández and San Felix hotspots. The ...
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It is the third book in a series of geology books written by Darwin, [2] which also includes The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs, published in 1842, and Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, published in 1844.
Navidad Formation is located in the Chilean Coast Range in Central Chile at the latitudes of 33°00' S–34°30' S. [7] The formation crops out more-less continuously along coastal bluffs displaying well-preserved exposures. [1]