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Pharmacology is the science of drugs and medications, [1] including a substance's origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic use, and toxicology. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. [ 2 ]
Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek pharmakon "drug" and kinetikos "moving, putting in motion"; see chemical kinetics), sometimes abbreviated as PK, is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to describing how the body affects a specific substance after administration. [1]
Over 30,000 graphs display all the data, and are updated in "real time". These graphs can be used for preparation of PowerPoint displays, pamphlets, lecture notes, etc. Several thousand high-quality images are also available, including clinical lesions, roentgenograms, Photomicrographs and disease life cycles.
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect. [2] A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor . [ 3 ]
Pharmaceutics deals with the formulation of a pure drug substance into a dosage form.Pure drug substances are usually white crystalline or amorphous powders. Before the advent of medicine as a science, it was common for pharmacists to dispense drugs as is.
Molecular pharmacology – the discipline of studying drug actions at the molecular level; it is a branch of pharmacology in general. Pharmacogenomics – the study of the human genome in order to understand the ways in which genetic factors determine the actions of medicines. [6] [7]
Mixers like grapefruit or blood orange juices contain bitter notes, and King likes to lean on nonalcoholic bitters from producers like All the Bitter to add a intrigue to an N/A drink.
The pharmacology of antidepressants is not entirely clear.. The earliest and probably most widely accepted scientific theory of antidepressant action is the monoamine hypothesis (which can be traced back to the 1950s), which states that depression is due to an imbalance (most often a deficiency) of the monoamine neurotransmitters (namely serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine). [1]