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Niobium is employed in the atomic energy industry for its high temperature and corrosion resistance, as well as its stability under radiation. [127] It is used in nuclear reactors for components like fuel rods and reactor cores.
The salt spray test (or salt fog test) is a standardized and popular corrosion test method, used to check corrosion resistance of materials and surface coatings.Usually, the materials to be tested are metallic (although stone, ceramics, and polymers may also be tested) and finished with a surface coating which is intended to provide a degree of corrosion protection to the underlying metal.
The tests require etching with chemicals that reveal the presence of intermetallic particles, sometimes combined with Charpy V-Notch and other mechanical testing. Another related kind of intergranular corrosion is termed knifeline attack (KLA). Knifeline attack impacts steels stabilized by niobium, such as 347 stainless steel.
Nb-Hf-Ti is an alloy powder consisting of niobium (Nb), hafnium (Hf), and a small amount of titanium (Ti) provides high strength, ductility, high-temperature stability, and remarkable corrosion resistance. [7] It is used in manufacturing biocompatible implants and devices such as orthopedic implants and dental prosthetics. [8]
A simple test for measuring corrosion is the weight loss method. [15] The method involves exposing a clean weighed piece of the metal or alloy to the corrosive environment for a specified time followed by cleaning to remove corrosion products and weighing the piece to determine the loss of weight.
Cr is necessary for oxidation and corrosion resistance; it forms a protective oxide Cr 2 O 3. Al 0.5-6% Al is the main γ' former. It also forms a protective oxide Al 2 O 3, which provides oxidation resistance at higher temperature than Cr 2 O 3. Ti 1-4% Ti forms γ'. C 0.05-0.2%
High-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA) is a type of alloy steel that provides better mechanical properties or greater resistance to corrosion than carbon steel. HSLA steels vary from other steels in that they are not made to meet a specific chemical composition but rather specific mechanical properties.
Niobium can be found in aircraft gas turbines, vacuum tubes and nuclear reactors. An alloy used for liquid rocket thruster nozzles, such as in the main engine of the Apollo Lunar Modules, is C103, which consists of 89% niobium, 10% hafnium and 1% titanium. [27] Another niobium alloy was used for the nozzle of the Apollo Service Module. As ...
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