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The main symptoms of hypoparathyroidism are the result of the low blood calcium level, which interferes with normal muscle contraction and nerve conduction.As a result, people with hypoparathyroidism can experience paresthesia, an unpleasant tingling sensation around the mouth and in the hands and feet, as well as muscle cramps and severe spasms known as "tetany" that affect the hands and feet ...
Hyperparathyroidism is a condition caused by overproduction of PTH, and can be divided into three types. [ citation needed ] Primary hyperparathyroidism happens when the normal mechanism of regulation by negative feedback of calcium is interrupted, or in other words the amount of blood calcium would ordinarily signal less production of PTH.
Hypoparathyroidism can also be linked to a low serum magnesium level in the blood. Serum magnesium is necessary for full secretion of PTH. [15] Without the parathyroid glands, there is no trigger to release calcium into the blood. Another consequence of hypoparathyroidism is the lack of calcium in the blood to trigger muscle contraction.
[10] [11] A history of acquired racquet nails (brachyonychia) may be indicative of bone resorption. [12] Radiographically, hyperparathyroidism has a pathognomic finding of rugger jersey spine. [13] Parathyroid adenomas are very rarely detectable on clinical examination. Surgical removal of a parathyroid tumor eliminates the symptoms in most ...
Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a rare autosomal dominant genetic condition associated primarily with resistance to the parathyroid hormone. [1] Those with the condition have a low serum calcium and high phosphate, but the parathyroid hormone level (PTH) is inappropriately high (due to the low level of calcium in the blood).
Hyperparathyroidism is most commonly caused by a benign proliferation of chief cells in one parathyroid gland, and rarely in MEN syndrome. This is known as primary hyperparathyroidism, [13] which is generally managed by surgical removal of the abnormal parathyroid gland. [14]
Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) is an inherited disorder, [1] named for its similarity to pseudohypoparathyroidism in presentation. It is more properly Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, although without resistance of parathyroid hormone (PTH), as frequently seen in that affliction.
Hyperparathyroidism – can cause hyperchloremia and increase renal bicarbonate loss, which may result in a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis. Patients with hyperparathyroidism may have a lower than normal pH, slightly decreased PaCO2 due to respiratory compensation, a decreased bicarbonate level, and a normal anion gap.
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