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IGPs use system memory with bandwidth up to a current maximum of 128 GB/s, whereas a discrete graphics card may have a bandwidth of more than 1000 GB/s between its VRAM and GPU core. This memory bus bandwidth can limit the performance of the GPU, though multi-channel memory can mitigate this deficiency. [85]
For example, DDR3-2000 memory has a 1000 MHz clock frequency, which yields a 1 ns clock cycle. With this 1 ns clock, a CAS latency of 7 gives an absolute CAS latency of 7 ns. Faster DDR3-2666 memory (with a 1333 MHz clock, or 0.75 ns per cycle) may have a larger CAS latency of 9, but at a clock frequency of 1333 MHz the amount of time to wait 9 ...
Memory clock – The factory effective memory clock frequency (while some manufacturers adjust clocks lower and higher, this number will always be the reference clocks used by Nvidia). All DDR/GDDR memories operate at half this frequency, except for GDDR5, which operates at one quarter of this frequency.
A modern consumer graphics card: A Radeon RX 6900 XT from AMD. A graphics card (also called a video card, display card, graphics accelerator, graphics adapter, VGA card/VGA, video adapter, display adapter, or colloquially GPU) is a computer expansion card that generates a feed of graphics output to a display device such as a monitor.
Many modern GPUs rely on VRAM. In contrast, a GPU that does not use VRAM, and relies instead on system RAM, is said to have a unified memory architecture, or shared graphics memory. System RAM and VRAM have been segregated due to the bandwidth requirements of GPUs, [2] [3] and to achieve lower latency, since VRAM is physically closer to the GPU ...
The GPU having quick access to a high amount of L2 cache benefits complex operations like ray tracing compared to the GPU seeking data from the GDDR video memory which is slower. Relying less on accessing memory for storing important and frequently accessed data means that a narrower memory bus width can be used in tandem with a large L2 cache.
The Nvidia Hopper H100 GPU is implemented using the TSMC N4 process with 80 billion transistors. It consists of up to 144 streaming multiprocessors. [1] Due to the increased memory bandwidth provided by the SXM5 socket, the Nvidia Hopper H100 offers better performance when used in an SXM5 configuration than in the typical PCIe socket.
Unified memory — a memory architecture where the CPU and GPU can access both main system memory and memory on the graphics card with the help of a technology called "Page Migration Engine". NVLink — a high-bandwidth bus between the CPU and GPU, and between multiple GPUs. Allows much higher transfer speeds than those achievable by using PCI ...