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Spinal anaesthesia (or spinal anesthesia), also called spinal block, subarachnoid block, intradural block and intrathecal block, [1] is a form of neuraxial regional anaesthesia involving the injection of a local anaesthetic or opioid into the subarachnoid space, generally through a fine needle, usually 9 cm (3.5 in) long.
Lumbar punctures may also be done to inject medications into the cerebrospinal fluid ("intrathecally"), particularly for spinal anesthesia [10] or chemotherapy. Serial lumbar punctures may be useful in temporary treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). This disease is characterized by increased pressure of CSF which may cause ...
It was modified and revived in the 1990s, primarily by chiropractors, and also by osteopathic physicians; this was likely due to safer anesthesia used for conscious sedation, along with increased interest in spinal manipulation (SM). [26] In the MUA literature, spinal manipulation under anesthesia has been described as a controversial procedure.
In adults, the spinal cord terminates around the level of the disc between L1 and L2, while in neonates it extends to L3 but can reach as low as L4. [16] Below the spinal cord there is a bundle of nerves known as the cauda equina or "horse's tail". Hence, lumbar epidural injections carry a low risk of injuring the spinal cord.
Intrathecal (into the spinal canal) is most commonly used for spinal anesthesia and chemotherapy. Intrauterine. Intravaginal administration, in the vagina. Intravenous (into a vein), e.g. many drugs, total parenteral nutrition. Intravesical infusion is into the urinary bladder. Intravitreal, through the eye. Subcutaneous (under the skin). [22]
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
“With regards to the spinal area, heat will serve to increase the local blood flow, and this can help sore muscles later in the phases of fatigue related and arthritic pains.
Medical intervention Epidural administration A freshly inserted lumbar epidural catheter. The site has been prepared with tincture of iodine, and the dressing has not yet been applied. Depth markings may be seen along the shaft of the catheter. ICD-9-CM 03.90 MeSH D000767 OPS-301 code 8-910 [edit on Wikidata] Epidural administration (from Ancient Greek ἐπί, "upon" + dura mater) is a method ...