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The Chinese garden is a landscape garden style which has evolved over three thousand years. It includes both the vast gardens of the Chinese emperors and members of the imperial family, built for pleasure and to impress, and the more intimate gardens created by scholars, poets, former government officials, soldiers and merchants, made for reflection and escape from the outside world.
According to UNESCO, the gardens of Suzhou "represent the development of Chinese landscape garden design over more than two thousand years," [3] and they are the "most refined form" of garden art. [3] These landscape gardens flourished in the mid-Ming to early-Qing dynasties, resulting in as much as 200 private gardens. [1]
Irregular, non-geometric, planning is a strong feature of the design of many types of Chinese and indeed Japanese gardens, though less so in others, such as grand imperial palace gardens. Sharawadgi was defined in the 1980s as an "artful irregularity in garden design and, more recently, in town planning". [3]
A garden that borrows scenery is viewed from a building and designed as a composition with four design essentials: 1) The garden should be within the premises of the building; 2) Shakkei requires the presence of an object to be captured alive as borrowed scenery, i.e. a view on a distant mountain for example; 3) The designer edits the view to reveal only the features they wish to show; and 4 ...
The design of the classic Chinese garden is based on the ideology of "Nature and Man in One", as opposed to the home itself, which shows the human sphere co-existing with, but separate from nature. The intent is that people feel surrounded by, and in harmony with, nature. The two essential garden elements are stones and water.
Lingnan garden consists of several substyles, such as royal gardens, private gardens, and public gardens. A good example of royal Lingnan garden is Guangzhou's Gauyiu Garden [zh; zh-yue] (Jyutping: Gau 2 jiu 6 jyun 4; Traditional Chinese: 九曜園, literally "garden of nine glories"), built by Lau Yan, the first king of the Southern Han dynasty. [4]
Lingnan garden (Jyutping: Ling 5 naam 5 jyun 4 lam 4; Traditional Chinese: 嶺南園林), or Cantonese garden, is the style of garden design native to the Lingnan region. [16] Geographically, Lingnan has very different climate from China's heartland (i.e., Zhongyuan), resulting in her developing a different style in designing gardens.
The work is primarily focused on architectural features, rather than natural features. Contrasts have been drawn between this and other classic works of East Asian garden design, such as Sakuteiki (of the Japanese Heian period) which concentrates on water and rocks, and numerous Japanese works of the Edo period (Tsukiyama teizoden, Sagaryuniwa kohohiden no koto, Tsukiyama sansuiden), to ...