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Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a novel antiepileptic drug [7] used to treat epilepsy. [8] It is used for partial-onset , myoclonic , or tonic–clonic seizures, [ 7 ] and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein .
pentobarbital – humane euthanasia of animals not to be used for food; pentoxyfylline – xanthine derivative used in as an antiinflammatory drug and in the prevention of endotoxemia; pergolide – dopamine receptor agonist used for the treatment of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses; phenobarbital – anti-convulsant used for ...
Epilepsy in animals is a group of neurological disorders characterized by seizures, caused by uncontrolled, abnormal bursts of electrical activity in the brain. They can start and stop very abruptly and last any amount of time from a few seconds to a few minutes. [ 1 ]
Hepatotoxicity may manifest as triglyceride accumulation, which leads to either small-droplet (microvesicular) or large-droplet (macrovesicular) fatty liver. There is a separate type of steatosis by which phospholipid accumulation leads to a pattern similar to the diseases with inherited phospholipid metabolism defects (e.g., Tay–Sachs disease )
The ketogenic diet consists of a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, and has shown good results in patients whose epilepsy has not responded to medications and who cannot receive surgery. The vagus nerve stimulator is a device that can be implanted into patients with epilepsy, especially that which originates from a specific part of the brain ...
Animal ingredients in TCM include animal parts such as tiger bones, rhino horns, deer antlers, and snake bile. [18] The use of animal parts in TCM have been definitively linked to the extinction of wildlife. [19] One example of this link is the pangolin trade, which has led the pangolin to be called the world's "most trafficked mammal."
For hepatic CYP3A4, in vivo methods yield estimates of the enzyme half-life mainly in the range of 70 to 140 hours, whereas in vitro methods give estimates from 26 to 79 hours. [36] Turnover of gut CYP3A4 is likely to be a function of the rate of enterocyte renewal ; an indirect approach based on the recovery of activity following exposure to ...
Enzyme Inhibitors Inducers; CYP1A1: Certain foods (e.g., cumin, turmeric) Certain herbs/herbal teas (e.g., peppermint, German chamomile, dandelion, Kava) Amiodarone ...