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Saint Pierre and Miquelon (/ ˈ m ɪ k ə l ɒ n / MIK-ə-lon), [4] officially the Overseas Collectivity of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (French: Collectivité d'outre-mer de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon [sɛ̃ pjɛʁ e miklɔ̃] ⓘ), is a self-governing territorial overseas collectivity of France in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, located near the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.
The commune of Saint-Pierre is made up of the island of Saint-Pierre proper and several nearby smaller islands, such as L'Île-aux-Marins.Although containing nearly 90% of the inhabitants of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the commune of Saint-Pierre is considerably smaller in terms of area than the commune of Miquelon-Langlade, which lies to its northwest on Miquelon Island.
The settlement of Saint Pierre on Saint Pierre Island is the largest settlement in Saint Pierre and Miquelon. St. Pierre is separated from Miquelon-Langlade by a 6 kilometres (3.2 nmi) strait with very fierce currents. Fishermen call this section of ocean "The Mouth of Hell".
Saint Pierre Island, also spelt as Saint-Pierre Island, [3] is one of the three main islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. It contains the town of Saint-Pierre , which lies on the island's east coast and is the main population centre of the island group.
The Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (French: Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon) is an overseas collectivity of France located in the North Atlantic Ocean about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the Canadian Island of Newfoundland. [1]
Sainte-Pierre airport at lower right on Saint Pierre Island, 2013. Saint-Pierre Airport (French: Aéroport de Saint-Pierre) (IATA: FSP, ICAO: LFVP) is a regional airport located 1 NM (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) south of Saint-Pierre, in the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, off the east coast of Canada near Newfoundland.
Miquelon-Langlade (French pronunciation: [miklɔ̃ lɑ̃ɡlad]) is the larger but less populated of the two communes (municipalities) making up the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, located 22 km (14 mi) to the south of Newfoundland in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. [4]
Saint-Pierre was founded in 1635 by Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc, a French trader and adventurer, as the first permanent French colony on the island of Martinique. Map of Saint-Pierre 1814. The Great Hurricane of 1780 produced a storm-surge of 8 metres (25 ft) which "inundated the city, destroying all houses" and killed 9,000 people. [3]