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The headwaters of the River Wey in England provide organic matter for organisms to process. The ecosystem of a river includes the life that lives in its water, on its banks, and in the surrounding land. [19] The width of the channel of a river, its velocity, and how shaded it is by nearby trees.
Dendritic drainage: the Yarlung Tsangpo River, Tibet, seen from space: snow cover has melted in the valley system. In geomorphology, drainage systems, also known as river systems, are the patterns formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin. They are governed by the topography of land, whether a particular region is ...
The terms river morphology and its synonym stream morphology are used to describe the shapes of river channels and how they change in shape and direction over time. The morphology of a river channel is a function of a number of processes and environmental conditions, including the composition and erodibility of the bed and banks (e.g., sand, clay, bedrock); erosion comes from the power and ...
Fluvial terrace – Elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and river valleys; Canyon – Deep chasm between cliffs (Gorge) Gully – Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil; Island – Piece of subcontinental land completely surrounded by water; Levee § Natural levees
The flow of liquid water and ice transports minerals across the globe. It also reshapes the geological features of the Earth, through processes including erosion and sedimentation. The water cycle is also essential for the maintenance of most life and ecosystems on the planet. Human actions are greatly affecting the water cycle.
River bifurcation – The forking of a river into its distributaries Tenaja – type of water basin or retention area, implying a natural or geologic cistern in rock which retains water; often created by erosional processes within intermittent streams Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
In geomorphology a river is said to be rejuvenated when it is eroding the landscape in response to a lowering of its base level. The process is often a result of a sudden fall in sea level or the rise of land. The disturbance enables a rise in the river's gravitational potential energy change per unit distance, increasing its riverbed erosion rate.
Lotic systems typically connect to each other, forming a path to the ocean (spring → stream → river → ocean), and many fishes have life cycles that require stages in both fresh and salt water. Salmon , for example, are anadromous species that are born in freshwater but spend most of their adult life in the ocean, returning to fresh water ...