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Epiretinal membrane or macular pucker is a disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes.Sometimes, as a result of immune system response to protect the retina, cells converge in the macular area as the vitreous ages and pulls away in posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).
Macular pucker – formation of a patch of unhealthy tissue in the central retina (the macula) distorting vision. Also called epiretinal membrane . After vitrectomy to remove the vitreous gel, membranectomy is undertaken to peel away the tissue.
Vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) is a human medical condition where the vitreous gel (or simply vitreous, AKA vitreous humour) of the human eye adheres to the retina in an abnormally strong manner.
Some other examples of the etiology include macular pucker (macular detachment), macular hole, and age-related macular degeneration. [2] Macular dystrophies and telangiectasia are among the less common causes. [3] [4] [5] [6]
Laser surgery or cryotherapy (freezing) can be used to destroy the abnormal blood vessels, thus halting progression of the disease. However, if the leaking blood vessels are clustered around the optic nerve , this treatment is not recommended as accidental damage to the nerve itself can result in permanent blindness.
Subretinal hemorrhage secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has a poor visual prognosis. Surgery to drain the blood will only improve visual acuity in some patients. [12] Submacular hemorrhage patients with an otherwise healthy retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors will recover the most visual function. The prognosis ...
Age-Related Macular Degeneration is a degenerative maculopathy associated with progressive sight loss. It is characterised by changes in pigmentation in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium, the appearance of drusen on the retina of the eye and choroidal neovascularization. AMD has two forms; 'dry' or atrophic/non-exudative AMD, and 'wet' or ...
Recently, central serous chorioretinopathy has been understood to be part of the pachychoroid spectrum. [5] [6] In pachychoroid spectrum disorders, of which CSR represents stage II, the choroid, the highly vascularized layer below the retina, is thickened and congested with increased blood vessel diameter, especially in the deep choroid (the so-called Haller's layer).
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