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Cognitive flexibility [note 1] is an intrinsic property of a cognitive system often associated with the mental ability to adjust its activity and content, switch between different task rules and corresponding behavioral responses, maintain multiple concepts simultaneously and shift internal attention between them. [1]
In psychology, the four stages of competence, or the "conscious competence" learning model, relates to the psychological states involved in the process of progressing from incompetence to competence in a skill. People may have several skills, some unrelated to each other, and each skill will typically be at one of the stages at a given time.
Scholars such as Peter Boghossian suggest that although the method improves creative and critical thinking, there is a flip side to the method. He states that the teachers who use this method wait for the students to make mistakes, thus creating negative feelings in the class, exposing the student to possible ridicule and humiliation.
Scenario planning, scenario thinking, scenario analysis, [1] scenario prediction [2] and the scenario method [3] all describe a strategic planning method that some organizations use to make flexible long-term plans. It is in large part an adaptation and generalization of classic methods used by military intelligence. [4]
Lateral thinking is a manner of solving problems using an indirect and creative approach via reasoning that is not immediately obvious. Synonymous to thinking outside the box, it involves ideas that may not be obtainable using only traditional step-by-step logic. [1] The cutting of the Gordian Knot is a classical example.
In his brain dominance model, Herrmann identifies four different modes of thinking: A. Analytical thinking; Key words: logical, factual, critical, technical, quantitative. Preferred activities: collecting data, analysis, understanding how things work, judging ideas based on facts, criteria and logical reasoning. B. Sequential thinking
For example, if you secured a 5/1 ARM at 4.5% five years ago on a $400,000 mortgage, your monthly payment could soon jump from $2,027 to around $2,661 — an extra $634 each month.
The four thinking styles are – outsiders, dreamers, realisers, and critics: In the first thinking style the group thinks as "outsiders" to gain an analytical, external view of the challenge. They then act as "dreamers" to brainstorm ideal solutions. They use divergent thinking to conceive creative and radical ideas.