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In some older aircraft, the bottom section is used instead ("heel brakes"). Levers are used in a few aircraft. Most aircraft are capable of differential braking. [1] Thrust reversers, that allow thrust from the engines to be used to slow the aircraft. Air brakes, dedicated flight control surfaces that work by increasing drag.
An autobrake is a type of automatic wheel-based hydraulic brake system for advanced airplanes. [1] The autobrake is normally enabled during takeoff and landing procedures, when the aircraft's longitudinal deceleration system can be handled by the automated systems of the aircraft itself in order to keep the pilot free to perform other tasks.
The Citation X business jet is one such aircraft with a uni-directional PTU, protected by check-valves and a back-pressure stall line, designed to allow the right hand hydraulic system to assist the left hand hydraulic system and the left hand auxiliary motorpump to retract the landing gear during a port engine failure only.
The AEC Routemaster bus is a well-known application of power hydraulic brakes and the successive generations of Citroen cars with hydropneumatic suspension also used fully powered hydraulic brakes rather than conventional automotive brake systems. Most large aircraft also use power hydraulic wheel brakes, due to the immense amounts of braking ...
Aircraft refuelers can be either a self-contained fuel truck, or a hydrant truck/cart (this variant sometimes called servicer). Fuel trucks are self-contained, typically containing up to 15,000 US gallons (12,000 imp gal; 57,000 L) of fuel and have their own pumps, filters, hoses, and other equipment.
The hydraulic system is also used to extend and retract landing gear, operate flaps and slats, operate the wheel brakes and steering systems. Hydraulic systems consist of engine driven pumps, fluid reservoirs, oil coolers, valves and actuators. Redundancy for safety is often provided by the use of multiple, isolated systems. [3]
The two most common methods used by land based arresting engines to apply the braking force are the rotary friction brake and the rotary hydraulic, or "water twister", systems. The rotary friction brake is simply a hydraulic pump coupled to the reel, which applies a graduated pressure to multi-disc brakes mounted on the reel.
An oleo strut is a pneumatic air–oil hydraulic shock absorber used on the landing gear of most large aircraft and many smaller ones. [1] This design cushions the impacts of landing and damps out vertical oscillations.