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A finite difference is a mathematical expression of the form f (x + b) − f (x + a).If a finite difference is divided by b − a, one gets a difference quotient.The approximation of derivatives by finite differences plays a central role in finite difference methods for the numerical solution of differential equations, especially boundary value problems.
An infinite series of any rational function of can be reduced to a finite series of polygamma functions, by use of partial fraction decomposition, [8] as explained here. This fact can also be applied to finite series of rational functions, allowing the result to be computed in constant time even when the series contains a large number of terms.
A summation-by-parts (SBP) finite difference operator conventionally consists of a centered difference interior scheme and specific boundary stencils that mimics behaviors of the corresponding integration-by-parts formulation. [3] [4] The boundary conditions are usually imposed by the Simultaneous-Approximation-Term (SAT) technique. [5]
In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total.Beside numbers, other types of values can be summed as well: functions, vectors, matrices, polynomials and, in general, elements of any type of mathematical objects on which an operation denoted "+" is defined.
However, if the terms and their finite sums belong to a set that has limits, it may be possible to assign a value to a series, called the sum of the series. This value is the limit as n {\displaystyle n} tends to infinity of the finite sums of the n {\displaystyle n} first terms of the series if the limit exists.
The product of the members of a finite arithmetic progression with an initial element a 1, common differences d, and n elements in total is determined in a closed expression a 1 a 2 a 3 ⋯ a n = a 1 ( a 1 + d ) ( a 1 + 2 d ) . . .
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