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  2. Treatment and control groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_and_control_groups

    A placebo control group [3] [4] can be used to support a double-blind study, in which some subjects are given an ineffective treatment (in medical studies typically a sugar pill) to minimize differences in the experiences of subjects in the different groups; this is done in a way that ensures no participant in the experiment (subject or ...

  3. Between-group design experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Between-group_design...

    The simplest between-group design occurs with two groups; one is generally regarded as the treatment group, which receives the ‘special’ treatment (that is, it is treated with some variable), and the control group, which receives no variable treatment and is used as a reference (prove that any deviation in results from the treatment group ...

  4. Scientific control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_control

    In this case, the treatment is inferred to have no effect when the treatment group and the negative control produce the same results. Some improvement is expected in the placebo group due to the placebo effect, and this result sets the baseline upon which the treatment must improve upon. Even if the treatment group shows improvement, it needs ...

  5. Blocking (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blocking_(statistics)

    There are two levels of the treatment, drug, and placebo, administered to male and female patients in a double blind trial. The sex of the patient is a blocking factor accounting for treatment variability between males and females. This reduces sources of variability and thus leads to greater precision.

  6. Stepped-wedge trial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepped-wedge_trial

    An RCT is a scientific experiment that is designed to reduce bias when testing a new medical treatment, a social intervention, or another testable hypothesis. In a traditional RCT, the researcher randomly divides the experiment participants into two groups at the same time: One group receives the treatment (the "treatment group")

  7. Solomon four-group design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_four-group_design

    The first two groups receive the evaluation test before and after the study, as in a normal two-group trial. The second groups receive the evaluation only after the study. [citation needed] The effectiveness of the treatment can be evaluated by comparisons between groups 1 and 3 and between groups 2 and 4. [citation needed]. In addition, the ...

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  9. Placebo-controlled study - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placebo-controlled_study

    The purpose of the placebo group is to account for the placebo effect, that is, effects from treatment that do not depend on the treatment itself. Such factors include knowing one is receiving a treatment, attention from health care professionals, and the expectations of a treatment's effectiveness by those running the research study.

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