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The decorator pattern is a design pattern used in statically-typed object-oriented programming languages to allow functionality to be added to objects at run time; Python decorators add functionality to functions and methods at definition time, and thus are a higher-level construct than decorator-pattern classes.
String functions common to many languages are listed below, including the different names used. The below list of common functions aims to help programmers find the equivalent function in a language. Note, string concatenation and regular expressions are handled in separate pages. Statements in guillemets (« … ») are optional.
Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. [32] Python is dynamically type-checked and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional ...
The body of the function starts on line 2 since it is indented one level (4 spaces) more than the previous line. The if clause body starts on line 3 since it is indented an additional level, and ends on line 4 since line 5 is indented a level less, a.k.a. outdented.
Most modern programming languages provide features to define and call functions, including syntax for accessing such features, including: Delimit the implementation of a function from the rest of the program; Assign an identifier, name, to a function; Define formal parameters with a name and data type for each; Assign a data type to the return ...
While a variable or function may be declared many times, it is typically defined once (in C++, this is known as the One Definition Rule or ODR). Dynamic languages such as JavaScript or Python generally allow functions to be redefined, that is, re-bound; a function is a variable much like any other, with a name and a value (the definition).
The name of such functions are often similar to Python string methods. The toLower converts a string to lower case, join(" ") joins an array of strings into a single string using a single space as separator, and chomp removes a newline from the end of the string if one is present.
In mathematics, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted ⌊x⌋ or floor(x). Similarly, the ceiling function maps x to the least integer greater than or equal to x , denoted ⌈ x ⌉ or ceil( x ) .