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Prolog, for both atoms (predicate names, function names, and constants) and variables [20] Python, for variable names, function names, method names, and module or package (i.e. file) names [3] PHP uses SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE for class constants; PL/I [21] R, for variable names, function names, and argument names, especially in the tidyverse style ...
In Python, if a name is intended to be "private", it is prefixed by one or two underscores. Private variables are enforced in Python only by convention. Names can also be suffixed with an underscore to prevent conflict with Python keywords. Prefixing with double underscores changes behaviour in classes with regard to name mangling.
Some other programming languages have varying case sensitivity; in PHP, for example, variable names are case-sensitive but function names are not case-sensitive. This means that if a function is defined in lowercase, it can be called in uppercase, but if a variable is defined in lowercase, it cannot be referred to in uppercase.
The original Hungarian notation for programming, for example, specifies that a lowercase abbreviation for the "usage type" (not data type) should prefix all variable names, with the remainder of the name in upper camel case; as such it is a form of lower camel case.
In Ruby a variable is automatically considered immutable if its identifier starts with a capital letter. In Go, the capitalization of the first letter of a variable's name determines its visibility (uppercase for public, lowercase for private). In some languages such as Go, identifiers uniqueness is based on their spelling and their visibility. [2]
The font used in the TeX rendering is an italic style. This is in line with the convention that variables should be italicized. As Greek letters are more often than not used as variables in mathematical formulas, a Greek letter appearing similar to the TeX rendering is more likely to be encountered in works involving mathematics.
Python uses an English-based syntax. Haskell replaces the set-builder's braces with square brackets and uses symbols, including the standard set-builder vertical bar. The same can be achieved in Scala using Sequence Comprehensions, where the "for" keyword returns a list of the yielded variables using the "yield" keyword. [6]
The Weierstrass's elliptic function is usually written with a rather special, lower case script letter ℘, which was Weierstrass's own notation introduced in his lectures of 1862–1863. [footnote 1] It should not be confused with the normal mathematical script letters P, 𝒫 and 𝓅. In computing, the letter ℘ is available as \wp in TeX.