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  2. History of baptism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_baptism

    The Gospel of Baptism. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House. OCLC 444126. Kolb, Robert W. (1997). Make Disciples, baptizing: God's gift of new life and Christian witness. St. Louis: Concordia Seminary. ISBN 0-911770-66-6. OCLC 41473438. Linderman, Jim (2009). Take Me to the Water: Immersion Baptism in Vintage Music and Photography 1890–1950 ...

  3. Baptismal regeneration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptismal_regeneration

    One of the earliest of the Church Fathers to enunciate clearly and unambiguously the doctrine of baptismal regeneration ("the idea that salvation happens at and by water baptism duly administered") was Cyprian (c. 200 – 258): "While he attributed all the saving energy to the grace of God, he considered the 'laver of saving water' the instrument of God that makes a person 'born again ...

  4. Aspersion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspersion

    In the West, baptism by aspersion and affusion slowly became the common practice in later centuries. In aspersion, an aspergillum may be used to place the water on the skin. The Roman Catholic Church regards baptism by aspersion as valid only if the water actually flows on the person's skin and is thus equivalent to pouring ("affusion"). [1]

  5. Affusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affusion

    The earliest explicit reference to baptism by affusion occurs in the Didache (c. AD 100), the seventh chapter of which gives instructions on how to baptize, which include affusion: …But if you have no living water, baptize into other water; and if you cannot do so in cold water, do so in warm.

  6. Aspergillum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillum

    An aspergillum is used in Roman Catholic, Lutheran and Anglican ceremonies, including the Rite of Baptism and during the Easter Season. [3] In addition, a priest will use the aspergillum to bless the candles during Candlemas services and the palms during Palm Sunday Mass. [4] At a requiem, if a coffin is present, the priest will sprinkle holy water on the coffin.

  7. Holy water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_water

    The Catholic Church teaches this use of holy water and making a sign of the cross when entering a church reflects a renewal of baptism, a cleansing of venial sin, as well as providing protection against evil. [19] It is sometimes accompanied by the following prayer: [20] By this holy water and by your Precious Blood, wash away all my sins, O Lord.

  8. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_and_Post-Nicene_Fathers

    On Marriage and Concupiscence (2 books). On the Soul and Its Origin (4 books). A Treatise Against Two Letters of the Pelagians (4 books). A Treatise on Grace and Free Will. Treatise on Rebuke and Grace. A Treatise on the Predestination of the Saints. A Treatise on the Gift of Perseverance, Being the Second Book of the Predestination of the Saints.

  9. Baptism in early Christianity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism_in_early_Christianity

    [143] Taking into account the positive archaeological evidence of post-Constantinian times, Roger concludes: "All the evidence of archaeology goes to prove that the essential part of baptism was considered in the early Church to be the pouring of water over the candidate's head by the bishop, or the guiding his head under a descending stream ...