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Halo blight of bean is a bacterial disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. Halo blight’s pathogen is a gram-negative, aerobic, polar-flagellated and non-spore forming bacteria. This bacterial disease was first discovered in the early 1920s, and rapidly became the major disease of beans throughout the world.
Phaseolus coccineus, known as runner bean, [2] scarlet runner bean, [2] or multiflora bean, [2] is a plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. Another common name is butter bean , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] which, however, can also refer to the lima bean , a different species.
Common Bean Diseases (Fact Sheets and Information Bulletins), The Cornell Plant Pathology Vegetable Disease Web Page; Common Names of Plant Diseases, The International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions (in Portuguese) Common bean diseases, EMBRAPA (in Portuguese) Main common bean diseases and their control, EMBRAPA with photos
Symptoms can overlap across causal agents, however differing signs and symptoms of certain pathogens can lead to the diagnosis of the type of leaf spot disease. Prolonged wet and humid conditions promote leaf spot disease and most pathogens are spread by wind, splashing rain or irrigation that carry the disease to other leaves. [2]
Bacterial wilt is a disease of the vascular tissue. When a plant is infected, E. tracheiphila multiplies within the xylem , eventually causing mechanical blockage of the water transport system. The first sign of infection, which appears about five days after acquisition, is the wilting of individual leaves on a single stem.
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a fungus which causes anthracnose, or black spot disease, of the common bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris).It is considered a hemibiotrophic pathogen because it spends part of its infection cycle as a biotroph, living off of the host but not harming it, and the other part as a necrotroph, killing and obtaining nutrients from the host tissues.
Leaf scorch (also called leaf burn, leaf wilt, and sun scorch) is a browning of plant tissues, including leaf margins and tips, and yellowing or darkening of veins which may lead to eventual wilting and abscission of the leaf.
Bean leaf beetle abundance increased with the increase of soybean production in the 20th century, but their spread northward was prevented by the inhospitality of northern climates. [ 3 ] The availability of soybean is the primary constraint for the beetles, so the beetles can’t live in an area that doesn’t have soybeans. [ 3 ]