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Waterfalls are sometimes interchangeably referred to as "cascades" and "cataracts", though some sources specify a cataract as being a larger and more powerful waterfall [1] [4] [5] and a cascade as being smaller. [6] A plunge pool is a type of stream pool formed at the bottom of a waterfall. [7] A waterfall may also be referred to as a "foss ...
Plunge pools are formed by the natural force of falling water, such as at a waterfall or cascade; they also result from man-made structures such as some spillway designs. [3] Plunge pools are often very deep, generally related to the height of the fall, the volume of water, the resistance of the rock below the pool and other factors. [4]
Landforms related to rivers and other watercourses include: Channel (geography) – Narrow body of water; Confluence – Meeting of two or more bodies of flowing water; Cut bank – Outside bank of a water channel, which is continually undergoing erosion; Crevasse splay – Sediment deposited on a floodplain by a stream which breaks its levees
River rejuvenation can lead to a number of changes in landscape. These include the formation of waterfalls and rapids, knick points, river terraces and incised meanders. [1] Rejuvenated terrains usually have complex landscapes because remnants of older landforms are locally preserved.
Although somewhat related to a pothole in origin, a plunge pool (or plunge basin or waterfall lake) is the deep depression in a stream bed at the base of a waterfall. It is created by the erosional forces of turbulence generated by water falling on rocks at a waterfall's base where the water impacts. [ 2 ]
The staircase character of the falls consists of a two-step waterfall formed by three layers of basalt.The steps are 35 and 40 metres (115 and 131 ft) in height. The columnar basalt rock sequences are part of the 1,000-metre-thick (3,300 ft) Serra Geral formation within the Paleozoic-Mesozoic Paraná Basin.
Cataract: A large, powerful waterfall. [1] Multi-step: A series of waterfalls one after another of roughly the same size each with its own sunken plunge pool. [1] Block: Water descends from a relatively wide stream or river. [1] [2] Cascade: Water descends a series of rock steps. [1] [2] Segmented: Distinctly separate flows of water form as it ...
A fall line (or fall zone) is the area where an upland region and a coastal plain meet and is noticeable especially where rivers cross it, with resulting rapids or waterfalls. The uplands are relatively hard crystalline basement rock , and the coastal plain is softer sedimentary rock . [ 1 ]