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A differentiable manifold (of class C k) consists of a pair (M, O M) where M is a second countable Hausdorff space, and O M is a sheaf of local R-algebras defined on M, such that the locally ringed space (M, O M) is locally isomorphic to (R n, O). In this way, differentiable manifolds can be thought of as schemes modeled on R n.
In mathematics, particularly topology, an atlas is a concept used to describe a manifold. An atlas consists of individual charts that, roughly speaking, describe individual regions of the manifold. In general, the notion of atlas underlies the formal definition of a manifold and related structures such as vector bundles and other fiber bundles.
An almost symplectic manifold is a differentiable manifold equipped with a smoothly varying non-degenerate skew-symmetric bilinear form on each tangent space, i.e., a nondegenerate 2-form ω, called the symplectic form. A symplectic manifold is an almost symplectic manifold for which the symplectic form ω is closed: dω = 0.
Any differentiable manifold is a diffeological space by considering its maximal atlas (i.e., the plots are all smooth maps from open subsets of to the manifold); its D-topology recovers the original manifold topology. With this diffeology, a map between two smooth manifolds is smooth if and only if it is differentiable in the diffeological sense.
Let M and N be differentiable manifolds and : be a differentiable map between them. The map f is a submersion at a point if its differential: is a surjective linear map. [1] In this case p is called a regular point of the map f, otherwise, p is a critical point.
In mathematics, a handle decomposition of an m-manifold M is a union = = where each is obtained from by the attaching of -handles.A handle decomposition is to a manifold what a CW-decomposition is to a topological space—in many regards the purpose of a handle decomposition is to have a language analogous to CW-complexes, but adapted to the world of smooth manifolds.