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Some query tools can generate embedded hints in the query, for use by the optimizer. Some databases - like Oracle - provide a plan table for query tuning. This plan table will return the cost and time for executing a query. Oracle offers two optimization approaches: CBO or Cost Based Optimization; RBO or Rule Based Optimization
Query plans for nested SQL queries can also be chosen using the same dynamic programming algorithm as used for join ordering, but this can lead to an enormous escalation in query optimization time. So some database management systems use an alternative rule-based approach that uses a query graph model.
This is a form of caching the results of a query, similar to memoization of the value of a function in functional languages, and it is sometimes described as a form of precomputation. [2] [3] As with other forms of precomputation, database users typically use materialized views for performance reasons, i.e. as a form of optimization. [4]
Database tuning describes a group of activities used to optimize and homogenize the performance of a database.It usually overlaps with query tuning, but refers to design of the database files, selection of the database management system (DBMS) application, and configuration of the database's environment (operating system, CPU, etc.).
A hierarchical query is a type of SQL query that handles hierarchical model data. They are special cases of more general recursive fixpoint queries, which compute transitive closures . In standard SQL:1999 hierarchical queries are implemented by way of recursive common table expressions (CTEs).
The skyline operator is the subject of an optimization problem and computes the Pareto optimum on tuples with multiple dimensions.. This operator is an extension to SQL proposed by Börzsönyi et al. [1] to filter results from a database to keep only those objects that are not worse in multiple dimensions than any other.
An entity–attribute–value model (EAV) is a data model optimized for the space-efficient storage of sparse—or ad-hoc—property or data values, intended for situations where runtime usage patterns are arbitrary, subject to user variation, or otherwise unforeseeable using a fixed design.
A query language, also known as data query language or database query language (DQL), is a computer language used to make queries in databases and information systems. In database systems, query languages rely on strict theory to retrieve information. [1] A well known example is the Structured Query Language (SQL).