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Constitution of Cádiz. Puerto Rico was a Spanish colony for four hundred years, after Spain first established a settlement on the island in 1508. [11] [12] In accordance with the Laws of the Indies, criollos, persons born in the colonies, had fewer rights than peninsulares, those born in Spain. [13]
As such, the American citizenship of Puerto Ricans can be taken away by the U.S. Congress unilaterally. [1] [a] [2] [b] [3] [c] [4] [d] Puerto Ricans are also covered by a group of "fundamental civil rights" but, since Puerto Rico is not a state, Puerto Ricans are not covered by the full American Bill of Rights.
Through its passage, the Jones–Shafroth Act – via a combination of citizenship and the expansion of U.S. laws to Puerto Rico, including the aforementioned National Defense Act – imposed mandatory conscription into the U.S. military on Puerto Ricans, precisely at the moment that the United States entered World War I. As a result, around ...
Many of the Laws of Puerto Rico (Leyes de Puerto Rico) are modeled after the Spanish Civil Code, which is part of the Law of Spain. [2]After the U.S. government assumed control of Puerto Rico in 1901, it initiated legal reforms resulting in the adoption of codes of criminal law, criminal procedure, and civil procedure modeled after those then in effect in California.
Those born in Puerto Rico have American citizenship meaning Puerto Ricans living in any of the 50 states of Washington D.C. can vote for president if they have formal residency.
The Foraker Act, Pub. L. 56–191, 31 Stat. 77, enacted April 12, 1900, officially known as the Organic Act of 1900, is a United States federal law that established civilian (albeit limited popular) government on the island of Puerto Rico, which had recently become a possession of the United States as a result of the Spanish–American War.
Since 2007, the Puerto Rico State Department has developed a protocol to issue certificates of Puerto Rican citizenship to Puerto Ricans. In order to be eligible, applicants must have been born in Puerto Rico; born outside of Puerto Rico to a Puerto Rican-born parent; or be an American citizen with at least one year residence in Puerto Rico.
The territory of the United States, for the purposes of determining a person's period of residence, includes the fifty states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands, [118] specifically excluding residence in American Samoa, except for American Samoans seeking naturalization.