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ASTM A325 is an ASTM International standard for heavy hex structural bolts, titled Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength. It defines mechanical properties for bolts that range from 1 ⁄ 2 to 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches (13 to 38 mm) in diameter. [1]
There are no published standard values for shear strength like with tensile and yield strength. Instead, it is common for it to be estimated as 60% of the ultimate tensile strength. Shear strength can be measured by a torsion test where it is equal to their torsional strength. [4] [5]
A bolt with property class 12.9 has a tensile strength of 1200 MPa (1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2) or 1.2 kN/mm 2 and the yield strength is 0.90 times tensile strength, 1080 MPa in this case. A bolt with property class 4.6 has a tensile strength of 400 MPa (1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2) or 0.4 kN/mm 2 and yield strength is 0.60 times tensile strength, 240 MPa in this case.
Strength depends upon material properties. The strength of a material depends on its capacity to withstand axial stress, shear stress, bending, and torsion.The strength of a material is measured in force per unit area (newtons per square millimetre or N/mm², or the equivalent megapascals or MPa in the SI system and often pounds per square inch psi in the United States Customary Units system).
Bolt preload can also be controlled by torquing the bolt to the point of yielding. Under some circumstances, a skilled operator can feel the drop off of the work required to turn the torque wrench as the material of the bolt begins to yield. At that point the bolt has a preload determined by the bolt area and the yield strength of the bolt ...
The limestone blocks were often taken from a quarry near the building site and have a compressive strength from 30 to 250 MPa (MPa = Pa × 10 6). [5] Therefore, the structural strength of the pyramid stems from the material properties of the stones from which it was built rather than the pyramid's geometry.
The Steelers are 8-2 and the Ravens are 7-4. Baltimore still has plenty of time to rally and win the division. Jackson's hopes at winning a third MVP award might depend on it.
Shear modulus: Ratio of shear stress to shear strain (MPa) Shear strength: Maximum shear stress a material can withstand; Slip: A tendency of a material's particles to undergo plastic deformation due to a dislocation motion within the material. Common in Crystals. Specific modulus: Modulus per unit volume (MPa/m^3) Specific strength: Strength ...