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A certified reference material is a particular form of measurement standard. Reference materials are particularly important for analytical chemistry and clinical analysis. [2] Since most analytical instrumentation is comparative, it requires a sample of known composition (reference material) for accurate calibration.
The δ values and absolute isotope ratios of common reference materials are summarized in Table 1 and described in more detail below. Alternative values for the absolute isotopic ratios of reference materials, differing only modestly from those in Table 1, are presented in Table 2.5 of Sharp (2007) [1] (a text freely available online), as well as Table 1 of the 1993 IAEA report on isotopic ...
A primary standard in metrology is a standard that is sufficiently accurate such that it is not calibrated by or subordinate to other standards. Primary standards are defined via other quantities like length, mass and time. Primary standards are used to calibrate other standards referred to as working standards. [1] [2] See Hierarchy of Standards.
Materials science is a highly active area of research. Together with materials science departments, physics, chemistry, and many engineering departments are involved in materials research. Materials research covers a broad range of topics; the following non-exhaustive list highlights a few important research areas.
A drug reference standard or pharmaceutical reference standard is a highly characterized material suitable to test the identity, strength, quality and purity of substances for pharmaceutical use and medicinal products.
Elemental analysis is a process where a sample of some material (e.g., soil, waste or drinking water, bodily fluids, minerals, chemical compounds) is analyzed for its elemental and sometimes isotopic composition.
Rep. Jim Clyburn dismissed Elon Musk's statement that he planned to fund moderates in key Democratic races on social media, arguing that Democrats weren't afraid of Musk's money.
The Castaing and Slodzian design was developed in the 1960s by the French company CAMECA S.A.S. and used in materials science and surface science. [citation needed] Recent developments are focusing on novel primary ion species like C 60 +, ionized clusters of gold and bismuth, [9] or large gas cluster ion beams (e.g., Ar 700 +). [10]